The Language Behind Dawkins’ Selfish Gene Theory :: Science Selfish Gene Theory Essays

The Language Behind Dawkins’ Selfish Gene Theory According to Michael Polanyi, our understanding of a concept depends in part on the language we use to describe it. Connie Barlow's book, From Gaia to Selfish Genes, looks at metaphors in science as integral parts of some new biological theories. One example is Richard Dawkins' theory about the selfish gene, where he claims that the most basic unit of humanity, the gene, is a selfish entity unto itself that exists outside the realm of our individual good and serves its own distinct purpose. Dawkins looks at the evolutionary process, how DNA replicates in forming human life, and the possibility that there is a social parallel to genetics, where human traits can be culturally transmitted. Dawkins, in the excerpts that Barlow has chosen, uses heavily metaphoric language to explain these scientific concepts to the general public. However, the language that Dawkins uses, while thought provoking, also carries some negative implications that extend beyond his theory. The selfish gene theory has many positive aspects, but its metaphors detract in certain ways from the scientific message of Richard Dawkins. The metaphor behind Dawkins' theory can best be described by his opening statement: "we are survival machines-robot vehicles blindly programmed to preserve the selfish molecules known as genes" (Barlow 193). Dawkins links the natural behavior of unconscious bunches of nucleic acid (genes) to human behavior and personality by calling them "selfish." His use of this term conjures up the image of a separate individual, capable of making decisions to help its own good and disregarding our needs. By calling human beings "survival machines" and "robots," Dawkins suggests some serious moral implications regarding our existence. If we were just robots, it would seem that we would be no longer responsible for our actions, as people could attribute all evil to the gene programmers who created these robots. Also, if our primary purpose were to serve as a "survival machine" for something else, life would seem insignificant. John Maynard Smith writes that Dawkins' book is just about evolution , and "not about morals . . . or about the human sciences" (195). However, the attempt to disengage the selfish gene theory from its moral implications is seriously undermined by Dawkins' metaphors. The origin of the selfish gene, and of evolution itself, began in something Dawkins calls the "primeval soup," where protein molecules, by pure chance, bonded together to form "replicators," the ancestors of DNA (198).

History of Halloween Essay

Close to $7 billion dollars is what consumers spent on Halloween costumes, candy, and decorations in 2011. When the temperature starts to drop, the leaves turn different colors and the sun sets earlier little by little each day, fall is the perfect season to celebrate Halloween. Millions of children dress up and go to strangers doors begging for candy. Have you ever wondered where this strange and unique tradition originated from? — The three most important points of Halloween can be summed up by looking at its origins, how it came to include jack-o-lanterns and bobbing for apples, and how it is celebrated today with trick-or-treating and haunted houses. Halloween, also known as All Hallows’ Eve, has originated from the ancient Celtic festival known as Samahin (â€Å"sow-in†) derived from the Old Irish Samuin meaning â€Å"summer’s end†. The Celts, who lived 2,000 years ago in the area that is now Ireland, the United Kingdom, and northern France, celebrated the end of the harvest season with the festival of Samhain and celebrated the upcoming new Year on November 1. Used by the ancient pagans, Samhain was a time to take stock of supplies and prepare for winter. October 31 was the day the ancient Gaels believed the boundaries overlapped between the worlds of the living and the dead, and the departed souls would come back to life and cause mayhem such as damaged crops and sickness. The Gaels built massive bonfires and summoned the help from gods through animal and possibly human sacrifices to ward of the spirits. It is believed that the fires attracted insects to the area which in turn attracted bats. These are additional features of the history of Halloween. Halloween is also thought to be influenced by the Christian holy days of All Saints’ Day, also known as Hallowmas, and All Souls’ Day falling on November 1 and 2. It was a time for honoring the saints and praying for the deceased who had yet to reach heaven. Traditionally it was believed that the departed souls roamed the earth until All Saints’ Day, and Hallows’ Eve delivered one last chance before moving on to the next world, to gain revenge on their enemies. Christians would  disguise themselves in costumes and masks to avoid being recognized by the wandering souls. Trick or treating is the practice of dressing up in costumes and going door to door begging for candy and resembles the late medieval practice of â€Å"souling† when the poor would proceed door to door on Hallowmas receiving food, or â€Å"soul cakes† which were pastries, and in return would pray for their dead relative’s souls. It was believed at the time the souls of the departed would wait for passage into heaven until enough people prayed for their souls. â€Å"Soul cakes† would be given in exchange for a song, performance, or another sort of â€Å"trick† in some cultures. Eventually, children embraced this practice and were given money, food, and ale. Jack o ‘lanterns are a Halloween staple today, with at least two historical roots. The first is the pagan Celtic people carved turnips and rutabagas to hold hot coal from the bonfire to light their homes and ward off the evil spirits. Another folklore tale gives jack o ‘lanterns their name. An Irish myth portrays a trickster and a drunk known as â€Å"Stingy Jack†, who asked the devil to have a drink with him. Jack persuaded the devil to change himself into a coin so he could pay for his drink, but instead he put the coin in his wallet next to a silver cross, trapping the devil and preventing him to change himself back. Jack said he would free the devil if he did not bother him for another year. The following year Jack tricks the devil into climbing an apple tree for a piece of fruit. He then carved a cross in the bark of the tree preventing the devil from climbing down. In order to get down from the tree, the devil promised Jack he would not seek his soul anymore. Because of his swindling and drunken ways, when Jack died he was not allowed into heaven. He also was not allowed into Hell because the devil kept his word. Taking pity on Jack, the devil gave him an ember to light his way in the dark, putting it into a hollowed out turnip for Jack to carry on his lonely, everlasting roaming’s around the Earth. People from Ireland and Scotland  would make â€Å"Jack o ‘lanterns† during this season to scare away Stingy Jack and other evil spirits wandering about. Over the next several centuries, superstitions about witches and black cats were added to the folklore and legends of Halloween. Cats were thought of as evil, especially black cats, and were killed by the thousands in Medieval times, possibly contributing to the Black Plague, due to the shortage of the rat’s natural enemy, the cat. During this time, the church created the belief that evil witches existed. Apples, which are a seasonal fruit, and the symbol of the Roman goddess Pomona, were thought at the time to retain qualities of knowledge, resurrection, and immorality. Bobbing for apples was thought to predict the future on the night of Samhain. (sow-in) Halloween eventually made its way over the Atlantic in the second half of the nineteenth century when America became flooded with new immigrants. Taking from Irish and English traditions, Americans began to dress up in costumes and go house to house asking for food or money, a practice that ultimately became today’s â€Å"trick-or-treat† tradition. The 20th century saw an emergence of Halloween as a genuinely North American holiday and one that was becoming an advantage for shopkeepers and manufactures. Costuming became popular for Halloween parties for children and adults as well. The first mass-produced Halloween costumes appeared in stores in the 1930s when trick-or-treating was becoming popular in the United States. Halloween costumes are traditionally modeled after supernatural figures such as monsters, ghosts, skeletons, witches, and devils. Over time, the costume selection extended to include popular characters from fiction, celebrities, and generic prototypes such as ninjas and princesses. Haunted attractions are entertainment venues designed to thrill and scare patrons. Most attractions are seasonal Halloween businesses. Origins of these paid scare venues are difficult to pinpoint, but it is generally  accepted that they were first commonly used by the Junior Chamber International (Jaycees), who are a non-political youth service organization between the ages of 18 to 40, for fundraising. They include haunted houses, corn mazes, and hayrides, and the level of sophistication of the effects has risen as the industry has grown. Haunted attractions in the United States bring in an estimate $300-500 million each year, and draw some 400,000 customers. This maturing and growth within the industry has led to more technically-advanced special effects and costuming, comparable with that of Hollywood films. Halloween is currently the second most important party night in North America, and in terms of its retail potential, it is second to Christmas. Personally, Halloween is one of my favorite days of the year. Even as an adult, to dress up and be someone or something else for the night can be fun and exciting. To escape reality into a fantasy-like world where goblins mingle with princesses is definitely a strange site to see, but is well worth the money and time devoted to one of the spookiest nights of the year. So whether you celebrate Halloween or not, you now have an idea of how Halloween originated, how it came to include bobbing for apples and jack-o-lanterns, and how we celebrate it today with haunted houses and trick-or treating. The sources I cited for this information are from: www.cnbc.com www.halloweenhistory.org www.wikipedia.org www.history.com

Essay on My Adolescence and My Cognitive Development

When I was adolescent, I was strongly influenced by my cognitive development, experiences and people around me. First, I experienced typical psychological reactions which adolescences are likely to have: I had a lot of experiments; I had imaginably audience; and I experienced identity crisis. I was a person who had a lot of experiments. Because I was a late bloomer, I was not as feminine as other girls. However, I thought that I should behave more feminine to be an adult. Therefore, I suddenly changed my behaviors. For examples, I changed the way to talk and wear: I used the woman like way to talk and wore very feminine clothes. These experiments often surprised and confused people around me. Naturally, these changes did not last†¦show more content†¦Also, I understood the importance of English since I could not communicate well for my lack experience to use it. After I came back, I started to think stability and money are not only factors to decide what career I take. I came to think a job which â€Å"I† regard worthy to do is the one I should do. In my case, it is an English teacher. I decided to be a high school English teacher who can teach practical English even though it was hard to change the major I would take in a university because I belonged to the class for entrance exams for science courses. Third, my parents’ parenting style influenced strongly what I am now. They had democratic parenting style. Therefore, I could discuss with my parents even something which they did not want me to do. Also, they set some reasonable rules which I should follow, and whenever they made rules they explained me why they made such rules. They advised me when I was depressed; however, they have never forced me what to do. Throughout my experience with my parents, I could understand the importance of independence and taking responsibility of my choice. Also, because they did not force their opinions, I could develop my own ident ity without many conflicts. Lastly, since I entered this university, I have developed my religious development level into post-conventional. Because I have lived in a dorm for international students as RA, I can meet people who have different ideas about their religion. For examples, someShow MoreRelatedDevelop1294 Words   |  6 PagesName: Tutor: Task: Date: Developmental psychology Infancy and Childhood Physical development During early childhood stage, infants begin to drop their roundish baby like display. Their bones grow more proportionate with the lengthening of their legs and arms. They start to obtain fine motor skills. The newfound skills enable them to grip a pencil in a more functional way. This is a good time to provide them with puzzles and blocks, as well as to supervise them while they use paper and scissorsRead MoreCurrent Perspectives Of Psychology And Human Development Essay1634 Words   |  7 Pages INTRODUCTION This Individual Development Narrative discusses various factors relating to theories of lifespan development from birth through to my adolescent stage. This includes looking at the understanding and major theoretical perspectives of psychology and human development, its process and the influences of domains on human development across the lifespan and how they interrelate. The domains of development including Physical, Cognitive, Emotional and Socio-cultural /or moral. Also some ofRead MoreEffects Of Adolescent Addiction On Adolescence And Local And The United States News About Adolescence Essay1127 Words   |  5 PagesAddictions in Adolescence. Wong, Hall, Justice, and Hernandez, 2015) state that adolescence distinctly determined by the beginning of puberty. 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There are seven domains of development: physical/biological, psychosocial, cognitive/learning, social, emotional, behavioural and moral/spiritual (AIHW, 2011). Development of these domains occurs in stages, where each stage gives rise to behaviour that is suitable for that stage (Schmidt Neven, 2010). These foreseeable changes are known as milestonesRead MoreEssay about Lifespan Development and Eriksons Stages of Development1644 Words   |  7 PagesLifespan development is essential, as it is the changes that happen to us throughout a person’s lifespan. Our development occurs at ages stages where we develop from infancy till death. This essay will contain my life story to display the domains in 5 age stages in my lifespan development. The domains I will be exploring is in this essay is physical, emotional, cognitive, social, cultural and moral domain. The influence of biological and environmental play a significant role in my development. DevelopmentRead MoreHuman Development And The Lifespan Theory1246 Words   |  5 PagesWhile growing up my family impacted my beh avior and human develop based on the major domains of the Human Development and the Lifespan Theory. The major domains of the human developments are Physical/Biological System, Cognitive System, Emotional System, and Social Systems. Each domain s focus on things which shapes an individual life. Physical/biological system domain focuses on the genetical foundation of a person. For example, the changes in body weight or appearance; however, this could affectRead MoreErikson s Psychosocial Theory : Development Of Ego Identity1293 Words   |  6 Pagesexpanded on Freud’s psychosexual theory. Erikson later developed the psychosocial theory. This theory described the effect of one’s social experiences throughout one’s whole lifespan. One of the main elements of Erikson’s psychosocial theory is the development of ego identity. Ego identity is the conscious sense of self that we develop through social interaction. The ego was taken from Freud’s theory. Erikson added three stages to Freud’s psychosexual theory. His theory has a total of eight major stagesRead MoreAspects Of An 18 Year Old s Development1154 Words   |  5 PagesAspects of an 18-year-old’s Development The development of a person is composed of all the biological and environmental processes that make that person who he is. From personality to cognitive maturity, every aspect of his development influences who he becomes. Psychologists such as Piaget, Kohlberg, and Erikson have attempted to explain different facets of the cognitive development of humans in stages. However, this may not as clearly demonstrate cognitive development as personal experiences and

A Successful Form Of Operations Management Essay - 1584 Words

In any business, the achievable goal is to have a successful form of operations management. The function of this goal is to plan, coordinate, and control resources that are needed to produce a company’s products and services. This area is a critical function within every organization and plays a vital role in the success of any company. Over the course of the years and through changing economies, operations management and its decisions have been altered to reflect updated standards, conditions, and technology. These areas and activities that have been developed are often unseen and overlooked. The evolution of operations management and its purposes were derived from several gurus whose innovation expanded from assembly lines to quality management and strategic perspectives. Operations management has grown to include an emphasis on better quality goods and services, technology, and automation: far exceeding the initial expectation of just minimized costs. Prior to the historica l development of OM, agriculture was the predominant industry in every century, and manufacturing usually came by way of skilled artisans. Because of the skilled custom making of goods and services, no two products were alike. Over the years this finally changed with the introduction of scientific management; a systematic approach to increasing worker productivity introduced by Frederick W. Taylor. Taylor’s philosophy was simple, scientific laws governed how much a worker could produce per day. ThisShow MoreRelatedQuestions : Crisis Leadership And Risk Management Report1745 Words   |  7 PagesAssignment 2: LASA 1—Crisis Leadership or Risk Management Report Name Tutor Institution Course Date Assignment 2: LASA 1—Crisis Leadership or Risk Management Report System upgrade is a process that organizations have to go through every once in a while. System upgrade is a situation where an organization usually improves the types of systems, such as computer software, that is uses for it normal operations. In the current world, different forms of technologies are coming up every day (BeynonRead MoreWhat Merger Is The Merger For The Company Of The Southwest Airlines Acquiring The Airtran Airways Essay1390 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction A merger is a form of business that is made up of two or more businesses operating in the same industry coming together to better their services. One of the recent mergers that have happened is that of the Southwest Airlines acquiring the AirTran Airways for several reasons. 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North Metro Home Services provides top-quality plumbing and home services that include the following: Plumbing, Sheet Rocking, Flooring, Framing, Finis h, Carpentry, Cabinetry, Countertops, Ceiling/WallRead MoreNorth Metro Home Services ( Nmhs ) Is Owned By Cody And Tera Hopkins1717 Words   |  7 Pagestake advantage of the perceived weakness and inadequacies of other regional companies in terms of quality and customer satisfaction. North Metro Home Services has maintained an excellent reputation in the community and industry due to the sales/management and administration skills of Cody and Tera Hopkins. 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Lung Cancer What Causes It - 1420 Words

Lung cancer is any type of cancer that begins in the lungs, although it is still considered lung cancer after it spreads to other parts of the body. Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers in the U.S. and worldwide. Forty percent of people will be diagnosed with lung cancer within their life span. Lung cancer, as with all cancers, is very complex, so the best way to comprehend it is to break it down into easily analyzed topics. The first topic that must be analyzed is cancer as a whole-what it is, what causes it, and what can be done about it. After this essential knowledge is gained, it is possible to analyze lung cancer from an informed angle, understanding the statistics, research, and various classifications. Lung cancer is†¦show more content†¦It is speculated that cancer was given the name â€Å"crab† by early cultures due to the way the veins in the skin would spread like a crab’s foot when cancer was present. Although cancer was identified as a health problem in ancient times, very little was known about it. The first time that lung cancer was recognized was in the year 1761, and 50 years later different types of lung cancers began to be identified. Although human knowledge of lung cancer had increased, many important things about lung cancer were still not known. In 1954 the American Cancer Society discovered and publicly announced the link between smoking, and lung cancer. It is important to note that a German doctor discovered the link between smoking and lung cancer in 1928. As smoking became more popular, despite the severe health effects, the U.S. Government got involved and began to warn the general public of the effects of smoking. However the number of new cases of lung cancer continued to rise, along with the lung cancer death rate. In the 1980’s the public finally seemed to get the message as the lung cancer rate dropped by stunning 30%. In the period between the years 2000-2010, the number o f new cases and the death rate of lung cancer both dropped significantly. This may be due in part to a better public understanding of the side effects of smoking. Before understanding lung cancer, it is important to understandShow MoreRelatedWhat Causes Lung Cancer?1587 Words   |  7 Pages12/08/2015 What Causes Lung Cancer besides Smoking Many of us believe that cigarettes are main causes of Lung cancer however lung cancer can be caused by exposure to asbestos, high levels of air pollution, high levels of arsenic in drinking water, Radiation therapy to the lungs, Radon gas (radioactive gas) or Family history of lung cancer. 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Marketing Strategies of Nike and Adidas-Free-Samples-Myassignment

Question: Take one Multinational Company and evaluate it ,after evaluateing the chosen company need to comaper it with another same level Company with data like companies cash flows. Answer: Introduction The companies that will be on focus are Nike and Adidas. These are two of the biggest multinationals in sports and apparel industry which also include sports management. They produce sports equipment, accessories and apparel all over the world. Due to the fact that their operations are almost similar, they are great rivals and compete on all fronts. From manufacture, to sales and endorsements of brands to market their products and increase their market brands is very important aspect in both companies. These two companies compete in the world to make in roads in sports gear and clothing. Adidas And Nike are similar in many respects - but in other respects they are miles away(Dunning, 2013). The German sportswear manufacturer, which reported its good results in the first quarter, is left behind its US rival in profitability. Adidas is getting better, but part of a base low. In this paper, we shall make comparison of the two multinational companies in terms of strategies and their financial performance using their respective financial statements (Lorange and Contractor, 2002).Nike is expected to produce a 13.9% operating margin in 2018, compared to the poorer 6.6% for Adidas, according to Thomson Reuters data. Tightening that gap will be the latest challenge from CEO Kasper Roasted, who replaced Herbert Hainer .Adidas has just significantly increased its sales and revenue forecasts for the year as a whole. Imagine that Adidas could catch up with Nike in efficiency. Its operating profit for 2017, if it had to share Nike's margins, would be more than double-from 1,200 to 2,700 million euros(Borowski, 2011). If the current multiple of Adidas reached 20.2 times the operating profit this year, the group's market capitalization would increase from 24,000 million euros to 54,000 million(Garcia, 2015). In other words, it would go from being the equivalent of a quarter of the American sports titan to being half as big. That will not happen in a year, not even two. However, there are few obvious reasons why the world's second largest sportswear manufacturer should be significantly less profitable in the medium term than the number one - even with competition from rivals such as Under Armor and the poor results of its brand. In 2016, Adidas had a target of 11%. The company has an additional potential value of 30,000 million euros(Corbett, 2004). In Australia the brand Nike and Adidas have marked a transcendence unequaled in assessing the impact of both brands on the perception and the behavior of Australian users. In support of this facts, the two brands continues to perform very well, however this paper will seek to compare the performance of the two companies that are world leaders in sportswear and other clothing(Gibson, 2012). The financial statements can describe the evolution of these brands through time as the financial statements for previous years show (Lorange Contractor, 2002). The two companies have standardized a prototype of comfortable and practical garments in our society. It also explains the success and positioning that Nike and Adidas have worldwide. These brands through the offering of quality, innovation and continuous improvement in their products have managed to increase their financial performance as well as asset base. According to the above, we see the importance of growing more and the importance of implementing continuous improvement for the companys products(Kerin, Hartley and Rudelius, 2009). It is also important to highlight the degree of incidence of Nike and Adidas for the world market since these companies use unique strategies in the implementation of new technologies in their garments and sports shoes, as well as innovating and researching designs that appeal to the market and are adequate and practical for them. On the other hand, it can be noted that the improvement of Nike and Adidas in terms of financial performance can be directly related to sports that direct their products to different areas and specialize in each of them, that is in each of the sports disciplines(McLeish, 2011). It is also essential to analyze the great publicity momentum of Nike and Adidas as expressed by various media, since their sponsorship deals in large sporting events over time has allowed Consumers identify with their teams and sports characters who they admire(Peng, Chen and Narain, 2007). For this reason, this company both Nike and Adidas are not only a few brands, but a lifestyle, which makes them a badge of the sports marketing. Thus, both brands have implemented digital marketing through resources and online tools which are the most popular platforms of their products and are accessible to their consumers (Stearns, 2014). The social marketing videos allows both brands and their users share the content based on the emotions that the audiovisual form. As another way of selling and accessing more information about their consumers they use a lot of money in advertising(Rothacher, 2005). Therefore, these sports companies are not only selling directly sneakers or sports elements, but a lifestyle. Great shows are the different commercial launches with performances of recognized sports stars, but in turn these same ones have become in brands for the sport. A study conducted in 2015 showed that for both the Nike brand and for Adidas users feel familiar with the products moderately by 54% (for Adidas) and 46% (for Nike); This means that people have managed to have a good rapprochement or contact with the products of sporting brands, allowing them to have a good knowledge about these(Rothacher, 2005). In second measure, the following variable reflects the knowledge they had the different people surveyed about the brand, giving us a percentage comparison between one brand and the other, thus being the variable of measure "Sufficient" as the main host within the sample(Offner, 2007). The research finds that 66% of people identify with one of the multinational in which Adidas leads in the mind of consumer and with 50% Nike with which they are comfortable with. In a certain way how one brand impacts on the other, in its competitiveness for means of advertising, commercials, campaigns, among others (Stearns, 2014). According to the research and the people surveyed, both Nike and Adidas, reflect an equivalent percentage of the use of garments of the said mark, reflecting in both a 30% in the index of tennis, which means that this type of product is the most sought after and acquired by consumers(Gibson, 2012). This translates to how the two multinationals translate in terms of profits from various segments of the sporting world such as tennis and golf. From this way we can see the attributes customers perceive when buying each of the brands and how they relate their identity with them. This variable determines the percentage range of purchases by consumers in each of the brands, how often they do so and therefore the reasons for purchase. In Adidas 30% is equivalent to half-yearly purchases and in Nike they have 45% of purchases of items, this reflects a very important rise in sales of the two multinationals(Shishoo, 2005). Market positioning Positioning of the Nike and Adidas brands makes the two multinationals have an edge in the market. According to what they perceive from the competitive market of these two multinationals. This shows that Adidas brand is better positioned in the market translating into better profits for the company. In the last year, Nike had a profit of $32 Billion while Adidas had a profit of $21 billion. .A second reason is the diversity of Adidas brand in terms of market penetration, mainly by The price and promotion factors (both in point of sale and in advertising in the media), in other words Nike offers product lines similar to those of Adidas but differ mainly in prices and design(Subramanyam, n.d.). In the results of each of the questions, there is coherence with what has been said, since there are more people familiar with the brand Adidas and have a greater knowledge about it compared to the Nike brand(Sports Industry, 2010). On the other hand, the Nike brand is perceived as a brand Very competitive, just like Adidas. From the sample we can assume that Australians prefer to buy in Nike for their designs and why they perceive the same as a quality brand, just as it happens with Adidas(Subramanyam, n.d.). A data found in the research seems quite strange, because although so many consumers of Nike and Adidas are satisfied with the same, willing to replace them with other brands . Finally, it was found that Australian consumers associate Nike and Adidas with high performance. Most consumers of Nike and Adidas are between the ages of 19 and 43 who fully support the two brands. CASHFLOWS The two companies differ also in terms of cash flows. Nike has a net operating cash flow of $3.64 billion in 2017 up from $3.1 billion in 2016. This shows a significant improvement in the cash flow of the company from 2016 to 2017 which indicates growth(Strauss and Woods, 2007). The companies cash flow shows that the company has been registering an upward trend for the last 5 years. On the other hand, Adidas registered a net operating cash flow in 2016 of $1.34 billion up from $1.02 billion in 2015. This shows that as a multinational, Nike is significantly bigger than its counterpart Adidas as shown by its financial statements(Sutherland, 2012). Asset base In terms of Assets, Nikes assets are much higher than those of Adidas, the balance sheet of Nike in 2017 stood at $23.2 billion up from $21.3 billion in 2016. On the other hand , Adidas has an asset base of $ 8.88 billion in 2016 up from $7.49billion in 2015. This shows that Adidas is still trying to catch up with run away Nike. The superiority of Nike is clearly shown by the value of its assets. Adidas has headquarters in Germany while Nike has its headquarters in United States.The financial statements for Nike and Adidas are elaborated below. Source:https://s1.q4cdn.com/806093406/files/doc_financials/2016/ar/index.html In 2015, the revenue for NIKE, Inc. stood at $ 30.6 billion dollars a rise of more than $3 billion dollars from the previous year 2014. Consequently, the group revenue performance rose to $ 32.37 billion dollars and extra increase by $ 1.8 billion dollars. On the other hand, Adidas has revenue of $ 18.78 billion down from $ 19.32 billion in 2014. It registered a negative revenue report owing to a competitive market with its rival Nike, Inc. In 2016, the revenue was $ 21.35 billion up from the previous year of $ 19.32 billion(Sutherland, 2012).Both companies have been growing their revenue bases with different levels of advertisements and endorsements to boost their merchandise. The revenue for the years were growing rapidly for both companies and although great competitors, they performed better than the industry projection (Lorange and Contractor, 2002). Source:https://s1.q4cdn.com/806093406/files/doc_financials/2016/ar/index.html The return on capital invested increases in Nike albeit marginally on percentage(Torok and Cordon, 2002). In 2012, return on capital was at 22.2% while in last years perfomance the return on capital was at 29.7%. the diagram above shows nike investment in different years. This shows that the companies return on investment is very high and is improving due to increased revenues(Sutherland, 2012). In Adidas, earning per share is $2.76 dollars in 2016. The dividend yield for Adidas is 0.7%. On the other hand, the investment in Nikeis higher than its rival competitors Adidas although the two multinational have the highets return on investment in comparison with many multinationals. The net cash flows from investment activities in 2016 was a negative $ 675 million. The net cash flows fron financing activities in adidas was negative $ 617 million while the net cashflow from operating activities was a whooping $1.49 billion(Dunning, 2013). . the cash and cash equivalent at the beginning and at the end of the year are $1.51 B and $ 1.67 B dolars respectively. In Nike the net operating cash flow growth is 17.57%. the net operating cash flow sales is 10.63%. Source:https://s1.q4cdn.com/806093406/files/doc_financials/2016/ar/index.html In 2016 the earnings per share is $2.16, while in 2015 the compound annual growth rate is $1.85.The companies perfomance rate is $ 14%. The stock performance of both companies is extremely good. Conclusion Nike and Adidas are great competitors and rivals in sports and apparel industry. However, they all have great strategies in marketing and advertising of their products in order to increase their revenues and subsequent profits.The financial performance of both companies depends largely on the sales from their merchandise(Dunning, 2013).. Although Nike is leading in terms of profit levels, Adidas has cemented its position across Europe in every sports industry and only time will tell before it becomes the market leader. References Borowski, A. (2011).Adidas marketing strategy. Norderstedt: Grin Verlag. Corbett, A. (2004).Strategy. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Dunning, J. (2013).Multinationals.New York: Routledge. Garcia, B. (2015).Out of the box. The rise of sneaker culture. New York: Rizzoli International. Gibson, C. (2012).Financial statement analysis. Mason, Ohio: South-Western. Kerin, R., Hartley, S. and Rudelius, W. (2009).Marketing. Boston, Mass. [u.a.]: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Lorange, P. and Contractor, F. (2002).Cooperative strategies and alliances in international business. [U.S.]: Pergamon. McLeish, E. (2011).Sports industry. New York: Rosen Central. Offner, A. (2007).Real world globalization. Cambridge, MA: Dollars Sense. Peng, Y., Chen, J. and Narain, S. (2007).Adidas. Singapore: Page One. Rothacher, A. (2005).Corporate cultures and global brands. Hackensack, N.J.: World Scientific. Shishoo, R. (2005).Textiles in sport. Boca Raton [u.a.]: CRC Press [u.a.]. Stearns, T. (2014).Introduction to entreprenuership. [Place of publication not identified]: Kendall Hunt. Strauss, R. and Woods, R. (2007).One well. Toronto: Kids Can Press. Sutherland, A. (2012).Nike. London: Wayland. Torok, R. and Cordon, P. (2002).Operational profitability. New York: Wiley.

Jonas Brothers Review free essay sample

The hottest pop group today is better than you think. Of course its the Jonas Brothers. Their soft-rock is everywhere with 3 albums as a group, the Jonas Brothers are out of this world! Their 3 albums are Its About Time, Jonas Brothers and A Little Bit Longer. Its About Time, which was released on August 8, 2006 (2005-2006) sold 50,000 copies on a limited release. The second album was called Jonas Brothers. It was released on August 7, 2007 (2007-2008) and was number 5 on Billboard Hot 200. The Jonas Brothers last and most recent album as a group is called A Little Bit longer. On this album was the most recent and most talked about song, Love Bug. was just recently released as a video on Disney channel. Love Bug adds a touch of back-in-the-day reality. The 3 brothers are dressed in tuxedos for some of the video. It is a different side from their rock-and-pop attire. We will write a custom essay sample on Jonas Brothers Review or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Jonas Brothers include a variety of tasteful sound. Joe and Nick both provide the lead vocals, but Nick also gives that soft sound like a birds song. Kevin does the sweltering guitar. Love Bug is so good that youll never forget it! The Jonas Brothers consist of 3 brothers. Paul Kevin Jonas Jr. (prefers Kevin), the eldest of the Jonas Brothers at 20, alters from curly to straight hair. He was born and raised in New Jersey on November 5, 1987. With his large noticed sideburns, he rocks out on guitar barely singing. Kevin is the classiest dresser of the group usually wearing loose pants and dress shoes that can be worn to a black-tie event. He goes out on stage looking more formal than rocker. Joseph Adam Jonas, or Joe, is described as the lead singer of the group. Joe was born in Casa Grande, Arizona on August 15 1989, but raised in New Jersey. He goes with straight hair and tight skinny jeans. Joe wears very casual, regular clothes such as regular T-shirts, jeans and sneakers, but rocker style. Nicholas Jerry Jonas (Nick) at 16 maintains a curly dark- haired status. He was born in Austin, Texas on September 16, 1992 also raised in New Jersey. He is the sensitive soft-tone singer and the youngest of the group. W ith Type 1 diabetes (diagnosed in November 16, 2005) he still knows how to rock out on stage.Nicks solo song A Little Bit Longer on the most recent album A Little Bit Longer talks about his diabetes. Their physical and vocal abilities only benefit them. The Jonas Brothers, being different than most bands when it comes to sound, are very modest, but distinctive. It is hard to compare them to just anybody without evidence and facts. To anyone who prefers delectable, clean-cut music as opposed to hard, crude music that makes you feel like your head has been banged against a wall, then go out and buy A Little Bit Longer. I would describe the Jonas Brothers as a younger version of Nsync if anyone. Nsync and the Jonas Brothers both use real life situations in their music. Things like break-ups and love stories are highly used in their writing. Nsync was used to writing deep, vibrant music that you can dance to and the Jonas Brothers style of music is very similar. Be sure to remember, if you like gentle, eccentric, high-class music over loud, head banging music, GO JONAS!